Appendix 1

Spawning Potential Ratio and Yield per Recruit Analyses

Acanthuridae - Surgeonfishes

Species: Acanthurus blochii

Hawaiian Name: Pualu
Common Name: Ringtail Surgeonfish
Family: Surgeonfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 338 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.25 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.38
Lm (Length at maturity): 257 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 10 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.09 per year
Longevity: 35 years
M/K: 0.36
Lm/Loo: 0.76

Acanthurus blochii - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 231 9.1 0.40 0.23 0.11
1 x Lm 257 10.1 0.45 0.28 0.16
1.1 x Lm 283 11.1 0.53 0.39 0.28
1.2 x Lm 308 12.1 0.65 0.53 0.45
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Acanthurus blochii - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 231 9.1 0.67 0.81 0.86
1 x Lm 257 10.1 0.67 0.83 0.92
1.1 x Lm 283 11.1 0.63 0.81 0.97
1.2 x Lm 308 12.1 0.52 0.71 0.89
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Acanthurus dussumieri

Hawaiian Name: Palani
Common Name: Eyestriped Surgeonfish
Family: Surgeonfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 371 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.296 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.29
Lm (Length at maturity): 282 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 11 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.11 per year
Longevity: 28 years
M/K: 0.37
Lm/Loo: 0.76

Acanthurus dussumieri - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 254 10.0 0.41 0.23 0.11
1 x Lm 282 11.1 0.45 0.28 0.16
1.1 x Lm 310 12.2 0.53 0.38 0.27
1.2 x Lm 338 13.3 0.65 0.54 0.45
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Acanthurus dussumieri - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 254 10.0 0.70 0.84 0.89
1 x Lm 282 11.1 0.69 0.86 0.95
1.1 x Lm 310 12.2 0.66 0.85 1.00
1.2 x Lm 338 13.3 0.54 0.72 0.91
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Acanthurus triostegus sandvicensis

Hawaiian Name: Manini
Common Name: Convict Tang
Family: Surgeonfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 5 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 177 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 1.4308 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): 0.0511
Lm (Length at maturity): 156 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 6 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.97 per year
Longevity: NA years
M/K: 0.68
Lm/Loo: 0.88

Acanthurus triostegus sandvicensis - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 140 5.5 0.38 0.21 0.11
1 x Lm 156 6.1 0.55 0.42 0.33
Current size limit 127 5.0 0.28 0.11 0.03
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Acanthurus triostegus sandvicensis - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 140 5.5 0.56 0.76 1.00
1 x Lm 156 6.1 0.46 0.67 0.95
Current size limit 127 5.0 0.59 0.76 0.91
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Acanthurus xanthopterus

Hawaiian Name: Pualu
Common Name: Yellowfin Surgeonfish
Family: Surgeonfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 501 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.287 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.21
Lm (Length at maturity): 431 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 17 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.09 per year
Longevity: 34 years
M/K: 0.31
Lm/Loo: 0.86

Acanthurus xanthopterus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 388 15.3 0.41 0.23 0.11
1 x Lm 431 17.0 0.50 0.34 0.22
1.1 x Lm 474 18.7 0.66 0.55 0.46
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Acanthurus xanthopterus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 388 15.3 0.70 0.88 0.98
1 x Lm 431 17.0 0.65 0.85 1.00
1.1 x Lm 474 18.7 0.49 0.68 0.87
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Ctenochaetus strigosus

Hawaiian Name: Kole
Common Name: Goldring Surgeonfish
Family: Surgeonfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 178 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.423 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.51
Lm (Length at maturity): 84 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 3 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.08 per year
Longevity: 39 years
M/K: 0.19
Lm/Loo: 0.47

Ctenochaetus strigosus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 76 3.0 0.41 0.24 0.11
1 x Lm 84 3.3 0.42 0.25 0.12
1.1 x Lm 92 3.6 0.43 0.25 0.12
1.2 x Lm 101 4.0 0.44 0.26 0.14
1.3 x Lm 109 4.3 0.45 0.28 0.15
1.5 x Lm 126 5.0 0.47 0.31 0.18
2 x Lm 168 6.6 0.72 0.62 0.54
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Ctenochaetus strigosus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 76 3.0 0.55 0.63 0.59
1 x Lm 84 3.3 0.56 0.65 0.63
1.1 x Lm 92 3.6 0.57 0.66 0.65
1.2 x Lm 101 4.0 0.57 0.68 0.69
1.3 x Lm 109 4.3 0.58 0.70 0.73
1.5 x Lm 126 5.0 0.59 0.74 0.81
2 x Lm 168 6.6 0.46 0.65 0.87
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Ctenochaetus strigosus - female

Hawaiian Name: Kole
Common Name: Goldring Surgeonfish
Family: Surgeonfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 115 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.6553 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -1.2811
Lm (Length at maturity): 84 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 3 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.18 per year
Longevity: 18 years
M/K: 0.27
Lm/Loo: 0.73

Ctenochaetus strigosus - female - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 76 3.0 0.43 0.26 0.13
1 x Lm 84 3.3 0.47 0.31 0.18
1.1 x Lm 92 3.6 0.51 0.36 0.24
1.2 x Lm 101 4.0 0.61 0.49 0.39
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Ctenochaetus strigosus - female - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 76 3.0 0.49 0.60 0.66
1 x Lm 84 3.3 0.50 0.64 0.75
1.1 x Lm 92 3.6 0.49 0.66 0.80
1.2 x Lm 101 4.0 0.48 0.69 0.97
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Ctenochaetus strigosus - male

Hawaiian Name: Kole
Common Name: Goldring Surgeonfish
Family: Surgeonfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 146 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.5099 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -1.0542
Lm (Length at maturity): 100 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 4 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.18 per year
Longevity: 18 years
M/K: 0.35
Lm/Loo: 0.69

Ctenochaetus strigosus - male - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 90 3.5 0.41 0.23 0.11
1 x Lm 100 3.9 0.44 0.27 0.15
1.1 x Lm 110 4.3 0.48 0.33 0.21
1.2 x Lm 120 4.7 0.55 0.41 0.31
1.3 x Lm 130 5.1 0.65 0.54 0.45
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Ctenochaetus strigosus - male - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 90 3.5 0.53 0.63 0.66
1 x Lm 100 3.9 0.54 0.66 0.74
1.1 x Lm 110 4.3 0.54 0.69 0.82
1.2 x Lm 120 4.7 0.53 0.72 0.93
1.3 x Lm 130 5.1 0.49 0.71 1.00
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Naso brevirostris

Hawaiian Name: Kala Lolo
Common Name: Paletail Unicornfish
Family: Surgeonfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 327 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.402 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.21
Lm (Length at maturity): 269 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 11 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.13 per year
Longevity: 25 years
M/K: 0.32
Lm/Loo: 0.82

Naso brevirostris - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 242 9.5 0.41 0.23 0.11
1 x Lm 269 10.6 0.48 0.32 0.20
1.1 x Lm 296 11.7 0.59 0.46 0.36
Current size limit 0 0.0 0.26 0.10 0.02
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Naso brevirostris - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 242 9.5 0.68 0.84 0.91
1 x Lm 269 10.6 0.67 0.86 1.00
1.1 x Lm 296 11.7 0.59 0.80 1.00
Current size limit 0 0.0 0.53 0.48 0.30
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Naso hexacanthus

Hawaiian Name: ‘Opelu kala
Common Name: Sleek Unicornfish
Family: Surgeonfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 16 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 599 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.221 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.22
Lm (Length at maturity): 511 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 20 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.07 per year
Longevity: 44 years
M/K: 0.32
Lm/Loo: 0.85

Naso hexacanthus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 460 18.1 0.41 0.23 0.11
1 x Lm 511 20.1 0.49 0.34 0.22
1.1 x Lm 562 22.1 0.64 0.52 0.43
Current size limit 406 16.0 0.36 0.18 0.06
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Naso hexacanthus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 460 18.1 0.71 0.88 0.98
1 x Lm 511 20.1 0.65 0.84 0.99
1.1 x Lm 562 22.1 0.50 0.67 0.83
Current size limit 406 16.0 0.71 0.86 0.90
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Naso lituratus

Hawaiian Name: Umauma lei
Common Name: Orangespine Unicornfish
Family: Surgeonfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 256 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.3408 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.66
Lm (Length at maturity): 199 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 8 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.13 per year
Longevity: 25 years
M/K: 0.38
Lm/Loo: 0.78

Naso lituratus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 179 7.0 0.41 0.24 0.11
1 x Lm 199 7.8 0.47 0.31 0.19
1.1 x Lm 219 8.6 0.56 0.43 0.32
1.2 x Lm 239 9.4 0.70 0.60 0.53
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Naso lituratus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 179 7.0 0.64 0.79 0.87
1 x Lm 199 7.8 0.63 0.81 0.96
1.1 x Lm 219 8.6 0.58 0.79 1.00
1.2 x Lm 239 9.4 0.47 0.67 0.92
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Naso unicornis - male

Hawaiian Name: Kala
Common Name: Bluespine Unicornfish
Family: Surgeonfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 14 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 476 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.46 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.11
Lm (Length at maturity): 301 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 12 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.06 per year
Longevity: 50 years
M/K: 0.13
Lm/Loo: 0.63

Naso unicornis - male - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 271 10.7 0.44 0.26 0.13
1 x Lm 301 11.9 0.45 0.28 0.14
1.1 x Lm 331 13.0 0.46 0.29 0.16
1.2 x Lm 361 14.2 0.48 0.31 0.18
1.3 x Lm 391 15.4 0.51 0.35 0.22
1.5 x Lm 452 17.8 0.65 0.54 0.45
Current size limit 356 14.0 0.48 0.31 0.18
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Naso unicornis - male - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 271 10.7 0.66 0.80 0.81
1 x Lm 301 11.9 0.67 0.82 0.85
1.1 x Lm 331 13.0 0.67 0.83 0.90
1.2 x Lm 361 14.2 0.67 0.85 0.94
1.3 x Lm 391 15.4 0.67 0.86 0.99
1.5 x Lm 452 17.8 0.52 0.71 0.88
Current size limit 356 14.0 0.67 0.85 0.93
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Naso unicornis - female

Hawaiian Name: Kala
Common Name: Bluespine Unicornfish
Family: Surgeonfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 14 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 480 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.43 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.14
Lm (Length at maturity): 355 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 14 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.06 per year
Longevity: 50 years
M/K: 0.14
Lm/Loo: 0.74

Naso unicornis - female - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 320 12.6 0.45 0.27 0.14
1 x Lm 355 14.0 0.47 0.29 0.16
1.1 x Lm 391 15.4 0.50 0.33 0.21
1.2 x Lm 426 16.8 0.56 0.42 0.31
Current size limit 356 14.0 0.47 0.29 0.16
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Naso unicornis - female - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 320 12.6 0.67 0.83 0.88
1 x Lm 355 14.0 0.68 0.85 0.93
1.1 x Lm 391 15.4 0.67 0.86 0.99
1.2 x Lm 426 16.8 0.62 0.82 0.99
Current size limit 356 14.0 0.68 0.85 0.93
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Albulidae - Bonefishes

Species: Albula glossodonta

Hawaiian Name: ‘O’io
Common Name: Shortjaw Bonefish
Family: Bonefishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 14 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 673 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.18 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.68
Lm (Length at maturity): 424 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 17 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.23 per year
Longevity: 14 years
M/K: 1.28
Lm/Loo: 0.63

Albula glossodonta - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 382 15.0 0.32 0.16 0.06
1 x Lm 424 16.7 0.40 0.24 0.14
1.1 x Lm 466 18.3 0.48 0.33 0.24
1.2 x Lm 509 20.0 0.58 0.46 0.38
1.3 x Lm 551 21.7 0.68 0.59 0.52
1.5 x Lm 636 25.0 0.88 0.84 0.81
Current size limit 356 14.0 0.29 0.13 0.04
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Albula glossodonta - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 382 15.0 0.79 0.90 0.95
1 x Lm 424 16.7 0.77 0.92 1.00
1.1 x Lm 466 18.3 0.73 0.90 1.00
1.2 x Lm 509 20.0 0.64 0.82 0.97
1.3 x Lm 551 21.7 0.53 0.70 0.85
1.5 x Lm 636 25.0 0.24 0.34 0.45
Current size limit 356 14.0 0.79 0.88 0.90
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Albula virgata

Hawaiian Name: ‘O’io
Common Name: Longjaw Bonefish
Family: Bonefishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 564 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.26 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.49
Lm (Length at maturity): 432 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 17 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.29 per year
Longevity: 11 years
M/K: 1.12
Lm/Loo: 0.77

Albula virgata - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 389 15.3 0.33 0.17 0.07
1 x Lm 432 17.0 0.44 0.29 0.19
1.1 x Lm 475 18.7 0.60 0.48 0.40
1.2 x Lm 518 20.4 0.77 0.70 0.64
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Albula virgata - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 389 15.3 0.72 0.89 1.00
1 x Lm 432 17.0 0.64 0.81 0.96
1.1 x Lm 475 18.7 0.51 0.67 0.84
1.2 x Lm 518 20.4 0.32 0.44 0.57
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Carangidae - Jacks

Species: Caranx ignobilis

Hawaiian Name: Ulua aukea
Common Name: Giant Trevally
Family: Jacks
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 10 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 1944 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.111 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): 0.097
Lm (Length at maturity): 740 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 29 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.29 per year
Longevity: 11 years
M/K: 2.61
Lm/Loo: 0.38

Caranx ignobilis - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 666 26.2 0.27 0.12 0.05
1 x Lm 740 29.1 0.31 0.17 0.09
1.1 x Lm 814 32.0 0.36 0.22 0.14
1.2 x Lm 888 35.0 0.42 0.28 0.20
1.3 x Lm 962 37.9 0.47 0.35 0.27
1.5 x Lm 1110 43.7 0.59 0.49 0.42
2 x Lm 1480 58.3 0.85 0.81 0.78
Current size limit 254 10.0 0.13 0.03 0.00
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Caranx ignobilis - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 666 26.2 0.82 0.85 0.82
1 x Lm 740 29.1 0.83 0.90 0.90
1.1 x Lm 814 32.0 0.83 0.93 0.95
1.2 x Lm 888 35.0 0.82 0.93 0.98
1.3 x Lm 962 37.9 0.79 0.92 0.99
1.5 x Lm 1110 43.7 0.70 0.85 0.95
2 x Lm 1480 58.3 0.32 0.41 0.49
Current size limit 254 10.0 0.56 0.42 0.27
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Caranx lugubris

Hawaiian Name: Ulua la’uli
Common Name: Black Trevally
Family: Jacks
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 10 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 822 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.12 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): 0
Lm (Length at maturity): 370 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 15 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.27 per year
Longevity: 12 years
M/K: 2.25
Lm/Loo: 0.45

Caranx lugubris - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 333 13.1 0.28 0.14 0.05
1 x Lm 370 14.6 0.34 0.19 0.10
1.1 x Lm 407 16.0 0.40 0.25 0.16
1.2 x Lm 444 17.5 0.46 0.33 0.25
1.3 x Lm 481 18.9 0.53 0.41 0.33
1.5 x Lm 555 21.9 0.67 0.58 0.52
2 x Lm 740 29.1 0.94 0.92 0.91
Current size limit 254 10.0 0.20 0.07 0.01
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Caranx lugubris - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 333 13.1 0.80 0.86 0.86
1 x Lm 370 14.6 0.81 0.90 0.95
1.1 x Lm 407 16.0 0.79 0.92 0.98
1.2 x Lm 444 17.5 0.77 0.91 1.00
1.3 x Lm 481 18.9 0.72 0.88 1.00
1.5 x Lm 555 21.9 0.58 0.74 0.88
2 x Lm 740 29.1 0.14 0.19 0.26
Current size limit 254 10.0 0.73 0.72 0.65
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Caranx melampygus

Hawaiian Name: ‘Omilu
Common Name: Bluefin Trevally
Family: Jacks
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 10 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 1014 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.233 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.044
Lm (Length at maturity): 452 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 18 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.46 per year
Longevity: 7 years
M/K: 1.97
Lm/Loo: 0.45

Caranx melampygus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 407 16.0 0.29 0.14 0.05
1 x Lm 452 17.8 0.33 0.18 0.09
1.1 x Lm 497 19.6 0.38 0.24 0.15
1.2 x Lm 542 21.3 0.44 0.30 0.22
1.3 x Lm 588 23.1 0.51 0.38 0.30
1.5 x Lm 678 26.7 0.63 0.54 0.47
2 x Lm 904 35.6 0.92 0.89 0.87
Current size limit 254 10.0 0.18 0.06 0.01
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Caranx melampygus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 407 16.0 0.79 0.83 0.81
1 x Lm 452 17.8 0.80 0.88 0.89
1.1 x Lm 497 19.6 0.80 0.91 0.95
1.2 x Lm 542 21.3 0.78 0.91 0.98
1.3 x Lm 588 23.1 0.75 0.89 0.98
1.5 x Lm 678 26.7 0.63 0.78 0.90
2 x Lm 904 35.6 0.19 0.26 0.33
Current size limit 254 10.0 0.66 0.60 0.48
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Caranx sexfasciatus

Hawaiian Name: Pake ulua
Common Name: Bigeye Trevally
Family: Jacks
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 10 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 800 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.24 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): 0
Lm (Length at maturity): 455 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 18 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.29 per year
Longevity: 11 years
M/K: 1.21
Lm/Loo: 0.57

Caranx sexfasciatus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 410 16.1 0.32 0.16 0.07
1 x Lm 455 17.9 0.37 0.21 0.11
1.1 x Lm 501 19.7 0.43 0.28 0.18
1.2 x Lm 546 21.5 0.50 0.37 0.27
1.3 x Lm 592 23.3 0.58 0.46 0.38
1.5 x Lm 682 26.9 0.75 0.67 0.62
Current size limit 254 10.0 0.21 0.07 0.01
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Caranx sexfasciatus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 410 16.1 0.77 0.86 0.86
1 x Lm 455 17.9 0.78 0.89 0.94
1.1 x Lm 501 19.7 0.76 0.91 0.98
1.2 x Lm 546 21.5 0.73 0.89 1.00
1.3 x Lm 592 23.3 0.66 0.83 0.95
1.5 x Lm 682 26.9 0.45 0.60 0.73
Current size limit 254 10.0 0.67 0.63 0.51
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Elagatis bipinnulata

Hawaiian Name: Kamanu
Common Name: Rainbow Runner
Family: Jacks
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 930 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.214 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): 0
Lm (Length at maturity): 640 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 25 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.25 per year
Longevity: 13 years
M/K: 1.17
Lm/Loo: 0.69

Elagatis bipinnulata - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 576 22.7 0.33 0.17 0.07
1 x Lm 640 25.2 0.42 0.26 0.15
1.1 x Lm 704 27.7 0.52 0.39 0.29
1.2 x Lm 768 30.2 0.65 0.54 0.46
1.3 x Lm 832 32.8 0.77 0.69 0.64
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Elagatis bipinnulata - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 576 22.7 0.77 0.91 0.98
1 x Lm 640 25.2 0.73 0.89 1.00
1.1 x Lm 704 27.7 0.65 0.82 0.95
1.2 x Lm 768 30.2 0.52 0.67 0.80
1.3 x Lm 832 32.8 0.37 0.49 0.61
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Pseudocaranx dentex

Hawaiian Name: Butaguchi
Common Name: Thick Lipped Jack
Family: Jacks
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 1232 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.307 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.77
Lm (Length at maturity): 260 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 10 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.46 per year
Longevity: 7 years
M/K: 1.5
Lm/Loo: 0.21

Pseudocaranx dentex - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 234 9.2 0.23 0.09 0.03
1 x Lm 260 10.2 0.24 0.10 0.04
1.1 x Lm 286 11.3 0.25 0.11 0.04
1.2 x Lm 312 12.3 0.26 0.12 0.05
1.3 x Lm 338 13.3 0.27 0.13 0.06
1.5 x Lm 390 15.4 0.29 0.15 0.07
2 x Lm 520 20.5 0.36 0.22 0.14
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Pseudocaranx dentex - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 234 9.2 0.60 0.49 0.33
1 x Lm 260 10.2 0.62 0.52 0.37
1.1 x Lm 286 11.3 0.64 0.55 0.41
1.2 x Lm 312 12.3 0.66 0.58 0.45
1.3 x Lm 338 13.3 0.68 0.62 0.49
1.5 x Lm 390 15.4 0.71 0.68 0.58
2 x Lm 520 20.5 0.78 0.83 0.79
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Seriola dumerili

Hawaiian Name: Kahala
Common Name: Greater Amberjack
Family: Jacks
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 1118 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.2272 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.7931
Lm (Length at maturity): 799 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 31 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.21 per year
Longevity: 15 years
M/K: 0.92
Lm/Loo: 0.71

Seriola dumerili - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 719 28.3 0.35 0.18 0.07
1 x Lm 799 31.5 0.43 0.27 0.16
1.1 x Lm 879 34.6 0.53 0.39 0.29
1.2 x Lm 959 37.8 0.66 0.55 0.47
1.3 x Lm 1039 40.9 0.79 0.72 0.67
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Seriola dumerili - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 719 28.3 0.77 0.92 0.98
1 x Lm 799 31.5 0.73 0.90 1.00
1.1 x Lm 879 34.6 0.65 0.82 0.95
1.2 x Lm 959 37.8 0.51 0.67 0.80
1.3 x Lm 1039 40.9 0.35 0.46 0.57
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Holocentridae - Squirrelfishes

Species: Myripristis berndti

Hawaiian Name: ‘U’u
Common Name: Bigscale Soldierfish
Family: Squirrelfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 249 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.1475 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -4.4786
Lm (Length at maturity): 161 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 6 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.12 per year
Longevity: 27 years
M/K: 0.81
Lm/Loo: 0.65

Myripristis berndti - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 145 5.7 0.36 0.19 0.09
1 x Lm 161 6.3 0.41 0.25 0.14
1.1 x Lm 177 7.0 0.47 0.32 0.22
1.2 x Lm 193 7.6 0.56 0.43 0.34
1.3 x Lm 209 8.2 0.66 0.56 0.48
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Myripristis berndti - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 145 5.7 0.66 0.77 0.81
1 x Lm 161 6.3 0.66 0.80 0.89
1.1 x Lm 177 7.0 0.64 0.80 0.93
1.2 x Lm 193 7.6 0.60 0.78 0.96
1.3 x Lm 209 8.2 0.53 0.73 0.97
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Lutjanidae - Snappers

Species: Aprion virescens

Hawaiian Name: Uku
Common Name: Green Jobfish
Family: Snappers
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 765 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.136 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): 0
Lm (Length at maturity): 450 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 18 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.1 per year
Longevity: 32 years
M/K: 0.74
Lm/Loo: 0.59

Aprion virescens - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 405 15.9 0.35 0.18 0.07
1 x Lm 450 17.7 0.38 0.22 0.11
1.1 x Lm 495 19.5 0.42 0.27 0.16
1.2 x Lm 540 21.3 0.48 0.33 0.22
1.3 x Lm 585 23.0 0.54 0.40 0.30
1.5 x Lm 675 26.6 0.70 0.61 0.54
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Aprion virescens - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 405 15.9 0.74 0.81 0.77
1 x Lm 450 17.7 0.75 0.85 0.86
1.1 x Lm 495 19.5 0.76 0.89 0.93
1.2 x Lm 540 21.3 0.75 0.90 0.98
1.3 x Lm 585 23.0 0.71 0.88 1.00
1.5 x Lm 675 26.6 0.53 0.70 0.86
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Lutjanus kasmira

Hawaiian Name: Ta’ape
Common Name: Bluestipe Snapper
Family: Snappers
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 330 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.29 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -1.37
Lm (Length at maturity): 194 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 8 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.4 per year
Longevity: 8 years
M/K: 1.38
Lm/Loo: 0.59

Lutjanus kasmira - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 175 6.9 0.32 0.16 0.07
1 x Lm 194 7.6 0.38 0.23 0.13
1.1 x Lm 213 8.4 0.46 0.32 0.22
1.2 x Lm 233 9.2 0.55 0.42 0.34
1.3 x Lm 252 9.9 0.63 0.52 0.45
1.5 x Lm 291 11.5 0.82 0.76 0.72
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Lutjanus kasmira - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 175 6.9 0.70 0.80 0.85
1 x Lm 194 7.6 0.70 0.84 0.93
1.1 x Lm 213 8.4 0.68 0.83 0.96
1.2 x Lm 233 9.2 0.63 0.80 0.96
1.3 x Lm 252 9.9 0.56 0.74 0.91
1.5 x Lm 291 11.5 0.35 0.50 0.70
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Mugilidae - Mullets

Species: Mugil cephalus

Hawaiian Name: Ama’ama
Common Name: Striped Mullet
Family: Mullets
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 11 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 554 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.3 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.14
Lm (Length at maturity): 296 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 12 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.25 per year
Longevity: 13 years
M/K: 0.83
Lm/Loo: 0.53

Mugil cephalus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 266 10.5 0.33 0.16 0.07
1 x Lm 296 11.7 0.36 0.20 0.10
1.1 x Lm 326 12.8 0.40 0.24 0.14
1.2 x Lm 355 14.0 0.44 0.29 0.18
1.3 x Lm 385 15.2 0.49 0.34 0.25
1.5 x Lm 444 17.5 0.61 0.50 0.41
Current size limit 279 11.0 0.34 0.18 0.08
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Mugil cephalus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 266 10.5 0.71 0.75 0.69
1 x Lm 296 11.7 0.73 0.80 0.78
1.1 x Lm 326 12.8 0.74 0.84 0.86
1.2 x Lm 355 14.0 0.74 0.87 0.93
1.3 x Lm 385 15.2 0.73 0.89 0.98
1.5 x Lm 444 17.5 0.64 0.83 0.98
Current size limit 279 11.0 0.72 0.77 0.73
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Mullidae - Goatfishes

Species: Mulloidichthys flavolineatus

Hawaiian Name: Weke’a
Common Name: Yellowstripe Goatfish
Family: Goatfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 7 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 342 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.564 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.36
Lm (Length at maturity): 183 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 7 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.54 per year
Longevity: 6 years
M/K: 0.96
Lm/Loo: 0.54

Mulloidichthys flavolineatus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 165 6.5 0.32 0.16 0.07
1 x Lm 183 7.2 0.36 0.20 0.10
1.1 x Lm 201 7.9 0.40 0.24 0.14
1.2 x Lm 220 8.7 0.45 0.30 0.20
1.3 x Lm 238 9.4 0.51 0.37 0.27
1.5 x Lm 274 10.8 0.64 0.53 0.46
Current size limit 178 7.0 0.35 0.19 0.09
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 165 6.5 0.68 0.72 0.69
1 x Lm 183 7.2 0.70 0.77 0.77
1.1 x Lm 201 7.9 0.71 0.82 0.86
1.2 x Lm 220 8.7 0.71 0.85 0.94
1.3 x Lm 238 9.4 0.69 0.85 0.97
1.5 x Lm 274 10.8 0.61 0.80 1.00
Current size limit 178 7.0 0.69 0.76 0.75
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Mulloidichthys vanicolensis

Hawaiian Name: Weke ’ula
Common Name: Yellowfin Goatfish
Family: Goatfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 227 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 1.3 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -1.1
Lm (Length at maturity): 175 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 7 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.64 per year
Longevity: 5 years
M/K: 0.49
Lm/Loo: 0.77

Mulloidichthys vanicolensis - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 158 6.2 0.40 0.23 0.11
1 x Lm 175 6.9 0.46 0.30 0.18
1.1 x Lm 193 7.6 0.58 0.44 0.34
1.2 x Lm 210 8.3 0.70 0.61 0.54
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Mulloidichthys vanicolensis - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 158 6.2 0.69 0.84 0.94
1 x Lm 175 6.9 0.68 0.87 1.00
1.1 x Lm 193 7.6 0.60 0.81 1.00
1.2 x Lm 210 8.3 0.50 0.73 1.00
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Parupeneus multifasciatus

Hawaiian Name: Moano
Common Name: Manybar Goatfish
Family: Goatfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 7 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 303 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.7556 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.135
Lm (Length at maturity): 145 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 6 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.64 per year
Longevity: 5 years
M/K: 0.85
Lm/Loo: 0.48

Parupeneus multifasciatus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 130 5.1 0.31 0.15 0.06
1 x Lm 145 5.7 0.34 0.18 0.08
1.1 x Lm 160 6.3 0.37 0.21 0.11
1.2 x Lm 174 6.9 0.40 0.25 0.15
1.3 x Lm 188 7.4 0.44 0.29 0.19
1.5 x Lm 218 8.6 0.53 0.40 0.31
Current size limit 178 7.0 0.41 0.26 0.16
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Parupeneus multifasciatus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 130 5.1 0.62 0.63 0.56
1 x Lm 145 5.7 0.64 0.68 0.64
1.1 x Lm 160 6.3 0.66 0.73 0.72
1.2 x Lm 174 6.9 0.68 0.77 0.80
1.3 x Lm 188 7.4 0.68 0.80 0.85
1.5 x Lm 218 8.6 0.66 0.82 0.95
Current size limit 178 7.0 0.68 0.78 0.81
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Parupeneus porphyreus

Hawaiian Name: Kumu
Common Name: Whitesaddle Goatfish
Family: Goatfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 10 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 492 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.538 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.446
Lm (Length at maturity): 238 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 9 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.54 per year
Longevity: 6 years
M/K: 1
Lm/Loo: 0.48

Parupeneus porphyreus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 214 8.4 0.31 0.15 0.06
1 x Lm 238 9.4 0.34 0.18 0.09
1.1 x Lm 262 10.3 0.37 0.21 0.12
1.2 x Lm 286 11.3 0.40 0.25 0.16
1.3 x Lm 309 12.2 0.45 0.30 0.21
1.5 x Lm 357 14.1 0.55 0.42 0.33
Current size limit 254 10.0 0.36 0.20 0.11
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Parupeneus porphyreus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 214 8.4 0.68 0.70 0.63
1 x Lm 238 9.4 0.71 0.75 0.71
1.1 x Lm 262 10.3 0.72 0.79 0.78
1.2 x Lm 286 11.3 0.74 0.84 0.87
1.3 x Lm 309 12.2 0.74 0.87 0.93
1.5 x Lm 357 14.1 0.70 0.86 0.98
Current size limit 254 10.0 0.72 0.79 0.77
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Scaridae - Parrotfishes

Species: Chlorurus perspicillatus

Hawaiian Name: Uhu-uliuli
Common Name: Spectacled Parrotfish
Family: Parrotfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 12 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 532 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.225 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -1.48
Lm (Length at maturity): 350 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 14 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.16 per year
Longevity: 20 years
M/K: 0.71
Lm/Loo: 0.66

Chlorurus perspicillatus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 315 12.4 0.36 0.19 0.08
1 x Lm 350 13.8 0.40 0.24 0.13
1.1 x Lm 385 15.2 0.46 0.31 0.20
1.2 x Lm 420 16.5 0.54 0.40 0.31
1.3 x Lm 455 17.9 0.64 0.53 0.44
Current size limit 305 12.0 0.34 0.17 0.07
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Chlorurus perspicillatus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 315 12.4 0.73 0.83 0.84
1 x Lm 350 13.8 0.73 0.87 0.92
1.1 x Lm 385 15.2 0.72 0.88 0.98
1.2 x Lm 420 16.5 0.68 0.86 1.00
1.3 x Lm 455 17.9 0.59 0.77 0.94
Current size limit 305 12.0 0.72 0.81 0.81
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Chlorurus sordidus

Hawaiian Name: Uhu
Common Name: Bullethead Parrotfish
Family: Parrotfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 294 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.442 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.756
Lm (Length at maturity): 170 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 7 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.32 per year
Longevity: 10 years
M/K: 0.72
Lm/Loo: 0.58

Chlorurus sordidus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 153 6.0 0.35 0.19 0.08
1 x Lm 170 6.7 0.39 0.22 0.12
1.1 x Lm 187 7.4 0.43 0.27 0.16
1.2 x Lm 204 8.0 0.48 0.33 0.23
1.3 x Lm 221 8.7 0.53 0.40 0.30
1.5 x Lm 255 10.0 0.69 0.60 0.53
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Chlorurus sordidus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 153 6.0 0.68 0.76 0.75
1 x Lm 170 6.7 0.70 0.81 0.84
1.1 x Lm 187 7.4 0.70 0.83 0.89
1.2 x Lm 204 8.0 0.70 0.86 0.98
1.3 x Lm 221 8.7 0.68 0.86 1.00
1.5 x Lm 255 10.0 0.54 0.75 0.99
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Chlorurus spilurus

Hawaiian Name: Uhu
Common Name: Pacific Daisy Parrotfish
Family: Parrotfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 12 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 344 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.4 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.13
Lm (Length at maturity): 172 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 7 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.29 per year
Longevity: 11 years
M/K: 0.72
Lm/Loo: 0.5

Chlorurus spilurus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 155 6.1 0.34 0.17 0.07
1 x Lm 172 6.8 0.36 0.19 0.09
1.1 x Lm 189 7.4 0.39 0.23 0.13
1.2 x Lm 206 8.1 0.42 0.26 0.16
1.3 x Lm 224 8.8 0.46 0.31 0.21
1.5 x Lm 258 10.2 0.55 0.42 0.33
Current size limit 305 12.0 0.73 0.65 0.59
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Chlorurus spilurus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 155 6.1 0.68 0.72 0.66
1 x Lm 172 6.8 0.70 0.76 0.72
1.1 x Lm 189 7.4 0.72 0.81 0.81
1.2 x Lm 206 8.1 0.73 0.84 0.88
1.3 x Lm 224 8.8 0.73 0.87 0.95
1.5 x Lm 258 10.2 0.69 0.87 1.00
Current size limit 305 12.0 0.52 0.71 0.94
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Scarus psittacus

Hawaiian Name: Uhu
Common Name: Palenose Parrotfish
Family: Parrotfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 12 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 327 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.486 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.01
Lm (Length at maturity): 139 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 5 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.54 per year
Longevity: 6 years
M/K: 1.11
Lm/Loo: 0.43

Scarus psittacus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 125 4.9 0.29 0.13 0.05
1 x Lm 139 5.5 0.31 0.16 0.07
1.1 x Lm 153 6.0 0.34 0.19 0.10
1.2 x Lm 167 6.6 0.36 0.21 0.12
1.3 x Lm 181 7.1 0.40 0.25 0.16
1.5 x Lm 208 8.2 0.48 0.34 0.25
2 x Lm 278 10.9 0.75 0.68 0.62
Current size limit 305 12.0 0.86 0.82 0.79
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Scarus psittacus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 125 4.9 0.61 0.59 0.51
1 x Lm 139 5.5 0.64 0.65 0.59
1.1 x Lm 153 6.0 0.66 0.69 0.66
1.2 x Lm 167 6.6 0.67 0.73 0.72
1.3 x Lm 181 7.1 0.69 0.78 0.81
1.5 x Lm 208 8.2 0.69 0.83 0.91
2 x Lm 278 10.9 0.47 0.64 0.83
Current size limit 305 12.0 0.32 0.46 0.65
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Species: Scarus rubroviolaceus

Hawaiian Name: Uhu palukaluka
Common Name: Redlip Parrotfish
Family: Parrotfishes
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): 12 inches

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 535 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.41 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): 0.12
Lm (Length at maturity): 350 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 14 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.16 per year
Longevity: 20 years
M/K: 0.39
Lm/Loo: 0.65

Scarus rubroviolaceus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 315 12.4 0.39 0.21 0.10
1 x Lm 350 13.8 0.42 0.25 0.13
1.1 x Lm 385 15.2 0.45 0.29 0.17
1.2 x Lm 420 16.5 0.50 0.35 0.23
1.3 x Lm 455 17.9 0.57 0.43 0.33
Current size limit 305 12.0 0.38 0.21 0.09
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Scarus rubroviolaceus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 315 12.4 0.70 0.80 0.78
1 x Lm 350 13.8 0.71 0.83 0.86
1.1 x Lm 385 15.2 0.71 0.86 0.93
1.2 x Lm 420 16.5 0.70 0.88 0.98
1.3 x Lm 455 17.9 0.65 0.84 1.00
Current size limit 305 12.0 0.69 0.78 0.76
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Serranidae - Sea basses

Species: Cephalopholis argus

Hawaiian Name: Roi
Common Name: Peacock Grouper
Family: Sea basses
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 506 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.075 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -6.5
Lm (Length at maturity): 268 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 11 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.13 per year
Longevity: 25 years
M/K: 1.73
Lm/Loo: 0.53

Cephalopholis argus - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 241 9.5 0.30 0.15 0.06
1 x Lm 268 10.6 0.37 0.22 0.12
1.1 x Lm 295 11.6 0.44 0.29 0.20
1.2 x Lm 322 12.7 0.51 0.38 0.29
1.3 x Lm 348 13.7 0.60 0.49 0.41
1.5 x Lm 402 15.8 0.75 0.68 0.63
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Cephalopholis argus - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 241 9.5 0.76 0.86 0.89
1 x Lm 268 10.6 0.76 0.88 0.95
1.1 x Lm 295 11.6 0.74 0.89 1.00
1.2 x Lm 322 12.7 0.69 0.85 0.99
1.3 x Lm 348 13.7 0.62 0.79 0.94
1.5 x Lm 402 15.8 0.44 0.58 0.73
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.

Sphyraenidae - Barracudas

Species: Sphyraena barracuda

Hawaiian Name: Kaku
Common Name: Great Barracuda
Family: Barracudas
Current Minimum Size Limit (FL): NA

Life History Parameters
Loo (von Bertalanffy asymtotic size): 1236 mm FL
K (von Bertalanffy growth parameter): 0.26 per year
t0 (von Bertalanffy parameter): -0.71
Lm (Length at maturity): 780 mm FL
Lm (Length at maturity): 31 inches FL
M (natural mortality rate): 0.17 per year
Longevity: 19 years
M/K: 0.65
Lm/Loo: 0.63

Sphyraena barracuda - SPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 702 27.6 0.36 0.19 0.08
1 x Lm 780 30.7 0.40 0.23 0.12
1.1 x Lm 858 33.8 0.44 0.29 0.18
1.2 x Lm 936 36.9 0.50 0.36 0.25
1.3 x Lm 1014 39.9 0.58 0.45 0.36
1.5 x Lm 1170 46.1 0.78 0.71 0.65
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.
Sphyraena barracuda - YPR Values
Minimum Size Limit
Fishing Pressure (F/M)
Option mm inches Low Med High
0.9 x Lm 702 27.6 0.77 0.85 0.83
1 x Lm 780 30.7 0.78 0.90 0.92
1.1 x Lm 858 33.8 0.77 0.92 0.97
1.2 x Lm 936 36.9 0.74 0.91 1.00
1.3 x Lm 1014 39.9 0.68 0.85 0.98
1.5 x Lm 1170 46.1 0.41 0.54 0.67
Note:
Option refers to minimum size limit specified as a multiple of length at maturity (Lm). Current size limit (where applicable) is current DAR regulation.